Art of telegraphy.



No 783,604. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

M. 0. ANTHONY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

J APPLIUATION FILED MAY 10, 1902.

9 train Srrns Patented February {353, 1905.

PATENT rerun.

ANT Ol TllELlEGF iAWl lt'.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,604, dated February28, 1905.

Application filed May 10, 1902- Serial No. 106,780-

10 all 'uf/mm/ it may (iv/morn:

Be it known that :I, M ARCUS O. A u'rnionr, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Barberton, in the county ol Summit and State ofOhio, have invented new and useful improvements in the Art of'lelegraphy, 01 which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the general art of telegraphy; and it consistsola novel ap ntratus for sending and receiving telegraphic signals inwhich the circuit as conn'noi'ily understood is dispensed with and oneand the same conductor is made the means ol transmitting both outgoingand incoming electrical impulses. This conductor may be a wire, arailway-track, or the earth itself, either or in conjunction, no earthinsulation being required where a metallic conductor is employed.

The essential characteristic of my invention is the combination with atransmittingconductor of means for producing telegraphici'nake-and-break signals in a local batterycircuit and for tri'mslatingthem into correspending secondary waves or impulses upon and over saidconductor and, supplementmy thereto, ol means for receiving andreconverting the impulses so transmitted into rcproductions of theoriginal primary impulses in a second local battery-circuit, including asounder or other means of making the same intelligible.

The main features ol the apparatus in point of novelty are theconstruction, arrangement, and functions of sending and receiving coils,each having a primary or inner winding and a secondary or outer windingin relatively opposite directions each to each and relatively oppositein the two coils by the arrangei'nent and connection with respect toeach other. The primary or inner winding of the receiving-coil is in abattery-circuit including a sending-key and vibrator, while thesecondary or inner winding of the receiving-coil has its terminalscirenited through a relay controlling an independent battery-circuitcontailr ing a sounder. The outer or secondary windings in each caseconnect at one terminal through a common line to a single mainconductor, which, as stateth nay be a metallic conductor or the earth,the opposite termics nal being blocked I. in, having no electricalconnection. (although in the recmvmgcoil the terminal in question may beconnected into the relay-circuit belore mentioned.)

The sending and receiving mechanism above outlined, coi'istituting ajoint apparatus, is duplicated for each station of a given system andconnected in multiple with the main conductor by the service branchescommon to each apparatus respeiiitively.

The principle involved in sending and receiving over the same conductormay depend upon the relative (.lirection ol the currents in respect tothe colnluetor, the outgoing currents having a relatively oppositerotation to those incoming, the opposite winding ol the coils thusadapting them to their respective Functions of sending and receiving.

The invention is thus peculiarly adapted to railway service inctnnnnmicating between stations and moving trains or between movingtrains and For use in lield operations, such as i'niliti'u'y campaigns;lt also eheapens the coi'istrncti'on and maintenance of telegraphlinesand, indeed, is a substitute for the ordinary systems of telegraphy.

My invention is illustratinl in the accompanying drawings. in which-Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the sys.

tern, showing minor circuits and translating instruments, and the branchor service conductors and main conductor as applied in railwayservice. lig. 2 is an axial section ol the sending and receiving cells toillustrate details.

Referring now to the drawings, A. designates the sending and B thereceiving apparatus or portions of the general apparatus, respectively,as used upon a railway. Duplicates ol the same are located at stationsand upon moving trains and connect electrirally with the lines of railsof the trackumy T as a main conductor.

The sending mechanism A consists 01 a bat tery-circuit including abattery or generatm' a; the prin'iary windin of an induction-coil :4,herein termed the seinling-coih a telegraphic seni'ling-key I), and avibral'rn' apparatus P, all connected in circuits traced as follows:from one pole ol the battery a through conductor 2, through sending-key7), to post 7) of the vibrator mechanism P; thence throughmake-and-break contact 3 4, vibrator m, and line 5, to the primary orinner winding (inner layer) of sending coil 6; thence from the oppositeterminal of said inner winding (outer layer) back to battery by directline 1. The magnet-circuit for vibrator apparatus P and contacts,beginning at post 7), is thence through make-and-break contacts 6 and 7and extended line 10, through magnet-coils f and'line 8 to conductor 1.

londenser shunts are employed for the make-and-break contacts asfollows: for-contact 3 a line 9 connecting across from lines 2 to 5through condenser (Z, and for contact 6 a line 10 connecting across fromlines 2 to 7 through condenser (Z Upon a suitable base is placed invertical position a double magnet f, and centrally in front of same andin line are erected two vibrating metallic standards 0 and m, the latterbeing practically an upward extension of the line 5 to contact4l,carried upon said standard, and the former, similarly, a part of line10 to a contact 7, line 10 continuing thence to the upward terminals ofmagnet-coilsf. Beyond and in line with standards 0 and m is affixed ametallic post 2, carrying adjustable contacts 4: and 7, aforesaid, thepost being an extension of line 10 at the opposite side of the condenser(Z The vibrator 0- carries also a lateral arm or finger c, hooked overand beyond vibrator m. breaking contacts 3 4 and 6 7. This movement iseffected by extending the poles of the double magnetf laterally byparallel pole-piecesf f at the sides of the soft-iron base or head ofthe arm 0, as indicated in Fig. 3, producing a solenoidal action or pullupon the vibrator 0 against the natural elasticity of the vibrators.

The sending-coil e has its primary winding interposed between theterminals of conductors l and 5 of the battery-circuit. Its secondarywinding has one blocked te'rminal that is, having no electrical outletand the other terminal connected to a service-conductor (1, extending toearth or other natural conductor or to an artificial conductor, such asthe track T of a line of railway, (as in the present illustration.)These primary and secondary windings are in relatively oppositedirections about a permanent magnet-core :1: of hardened steel.

The receiving mechanism B consists of a coil c ,Wl1OS6 primary andsecondary windings are relatively in opposite directions and arearranged oppositely to those of coil 1/.

The primary winding of coil 6 is in a closed outer circuit 13 14 througha local battery (0 and sounder Z! in the usual manner. The secondarywinding of coil 6 has a cross connection 16 from the inner terminal ofthe secondary winding to the line 11 of the primary winding. The coil 6is fitted with a core y of soft-iron wires bundled.

The sending and receiving portions A and B, above described, constitutea joint apparatus A B, which,-as already stated, is duplicated atstations and on moving trains and connected to the track or earth inmultiple. In trains of cars moving on railways the connection is madethrough the running-gear to and through the wheel-contacts with therails. I/Vhere used in field service-as, for example, in militarycampaigning-the earth alone may be used as the main conductor throughmetallic rods driven into the soil or otherwise as temporary connectionswith the earth.

In permanent railway service the track conduction may be rendered moreperfect by bonding the rails, as in electric-railway service; butsatisfactory results are obtained for receiving coils must besubstantial duplicates as to windings, but used in reverse one with theother, as indicated in the foregoing description and in the figures ofthe drawings.

As shown in the drawings, the aforesaid coils e and e are placedrelatively close together end to end. The object of this is to preventthe existence of a magnetic flux of the same polarity, and this iseffected by providing each coil with its opposite windings and arrangingthe primary and secondary windings of one coil relatively opposite tothe corresponding winding of the othercoil, resulting in current fromone coil say the sendingcoil-being largely diverted and sent through theservice-conductor to the main conductor whatever the character of thelatter.

It will be observed that the main conductor (considered as a lineconnecting two terminal stations) terminates at each end in twobranches, each branch terminating in the outer winding layer of aninduction-coil. The inner coils in each case connect with -the localcircuits of the sending-key and receivingsounder or relay, respectively.I may dispense with a relay and sounder direct where atelephone-receiver is used; but in railway service and the like theseparate circuit and reaeoa can be used in building operations and inthe lighting, &c., in which case a single wire can, be embedded in thehose without danger of short-circuiting, as is the case with a twowirecircuit.

l claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States i. 'llhe combination in a system of telegraphy of a singlemain conductor having ungrounded terminals, a transmitting-coilconsisting of a single core and inner and outer layers orWindingsarranged in relatively opposite directions, and a batterycircuit including a sending mechanism and the inner or pri-. marywindingoi' the said coil, the said outer or secondary of the coil havingoneterminal open and the opposite terminal connecting with the said mainconductor.

2. The combination in a system 0| telegraphy, of a single track-railforming a main cond uctor, a transmitting-coil consisting of a singlecore and inner and outer layers or wind ings arranged in relativelyopposite directions, and a battery-circuit including a sending apparatusand the inner or primary winding of the transmitting-coil, the saidouter or secondary of the coil having one terminal open and the oppositeterminal connecting by aserviceconductor with the said traclvrziil.

3. The combination in a system of telegra phy, of a single conductorhaving ungrounded terminals, transmitting and receiving coils eachhaving one end open said coils each including a single core and innerand outer layers or windings arranged in each coil, in relativelyopposite directions, a battery-cir cuit comprising a sending apparatusand the inner or primary winding of the transmitting coil, a relaythrough which the terminals of the inner or secondary winding of thereceiving-coil is circuited, and an independent battery-circuitcontaining a sounder, and controlled by the relay, said outer layer orwinding of the said coils connecting through a common line to said mainconductor.

i. The con'ibination in a system oi telegraphy of a single mainconductor having ungrounded terminals, transmitting and receiv" ingapparatus and circuit connection therefor, transmitting and receivingcoils each consisting of a single core and inner and outer layers woundin opposite directions relative to each other, and the said windings ofthe receiving coil arranged opposite to those of the transmitting-coil,and a service-comluctor leading to the main conductor and to which oneterminal of each of the outer or secondary layer of the sending andreceiving coils is connected.

5. in a system oi telegraphic communication, the combination of a singlemain con ductor having ungrounded terminals, in combination with comiilementary sending and reeeiving apparatus and two induction-coils eachcom prising inner and outer winding arranged in opposite directionsrelative to each other and with the winding of the respective layers inthe sending-coil arranged opposite to the winding of the same layers inthe receivingcoil, said terminals of the main conductor constituting theouter or secondary winding

